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Safety Data Sheet EN

Formic Acid

CAS 64-18-6

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01

Identification

Product identifiers, regulatory numbers, and supplier information

Product Information

Product Name
Formic Acid
Product Form
Liquid.
Product Code
0028905, 0085178, 1892027
Chemical Name
formic acid
Synonyms
Methanoic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Formic acid 85-95% in aqueous solution

Regulatory Identifiers

CAS Number
64-18-6 Check regulations →

Manufacturers & Suppliers

T

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pierce Biotechnology

manufacturer

P.O. Box 117, Rockford, IL 61105, United States

815.968.0747

Emergency Contacts

CHEMTREC

800.424.9300

CHEMTREC

703.527.3887

02

Hazard Identification

GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, and hazard statements

Classified danger

Hazard Classifications

Flam. Liq. Cat. 3
Skin Corr. Cat. 1A
Eye Dam. Cat. 1

GHS Pictograms

GHS02 - Flammable

GHS02

GHS05 - Corrosive

GHS05

Hazard Statements

H226 Flammable liquid and vapor.
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

Precautionary Statements

P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
P233 Keep container tightly closed.
P241 Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating, lighting and all material-handling equipment.
P242 Use only non-sparking tools.
P243 Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P280 Wear protective gloves.
P281 Wear protective clothing.
P282 Wear eye or face protection.
P301 + P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or physician. Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P304 + P340 + P310 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or physician.
P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or physician.
P403 + P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P405 Store locked up.
P501 Dispose of contents and container in accordance with all local, regional, national and international regulations.
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or physician.

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03

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical components, concentration ranges, and hazardous substance identification

Type substance
Chemical Name CAS Number Concentration Hazardous
Formic acid 64-18-6 98 - 100% Yes

There are no additional ingredients present which, within the current knowledge of the supplier and in the concentrations applicable, are classified as hazardous to health or the environment and hence require reporting in this section.

04

First Aid Measures

Emergency procedures for chemical exposure incidents

Inhalation

Get medical attention immediately. Call a poison center or physician. Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If it is suspected that fumes are still present, the rescuer should wear an appropriate mask or self-contained breathing apparatus. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately. Maintain an open airway. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Symptoms: May give off gas, vapor or dust that is very irritating or corrosive to the respiratory system. No specific data regarding over-exposure signs.

Skin contact

Get medical attention immediately. Call a poison center or physician. Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly with water before removing it, or wear gloves. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

Symptoms: Causes severe burns. Adverse symptoms may include the following: pain or irritation, redness, blistering may occur.

Eye contact

Get medical attention immediately. Call a poison center or physician. Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses. Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician.

Symptoms: Causes serious eye damage. Adverse symptoms may include the following: pain, watering, redness.

Ingestion

Get medical attention immediately. Call a poison center or physician. Wash out mouth with water. Remove dentures if any. Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. If material has been swallowed and the exposed person is conscious, give small quantities of water to drink. Stop if the exposed person feels sick as vomiting may be dangerous. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. If vomiting occurs, the head should be kept low so that vomit does not enter the lungs. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician.

Symptoms: May cause burns to mouth, throat and stomach. Adverse symptoms may include the following: stomach pains.

Immediate Medical Attention

Get medical attention immediately. Call a poison center or physician.

Medical Treatment

Treat symptomatically. Contact poison treatment specialist immediately if large quantities have been ingested or inhaled.

05

Firefighting Measures

Extinguishing media, specific hazards, and firefighter protection

Suitable media

Use dry chemical, CO₂, water spray (fog) or foam.

Unsuitable media

Do not use water jet.

Specific hazards

Flammable liquid and vapor. In a fire or if heated, a pressure increase will occur and the container may burst, with the risk of a subsequent explosion. The vapor/gas is heavier than air and will spread along the ground. Vapors may accumulate in low or confined areas or travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.

Instructions

Promptly isolate the scene by removing all persons from the vicinity of the incident if there is a fire. No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Move containers from fire area if this can be done without risk. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Firefighter Protection

Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode.

06

Accidental Release Measures

Spill cleanup procedures, containment, and environmental protection

Emergency procedures

No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Shut off all ignition sources. No flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Provide adequate ventilation.

Small spill

Stop leak if without risk. Move containers from spill area. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Dilute with water and mop up if water-soluble. Alternatively, or if water-insoluble, absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor.

Large spill

Stop leak if without risk. Move containers from spill area. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Approach release from upwind. Prevent entry into sewers, water courses, basements or confined areas. Wash spillages into an effluent treatment plant or proceed as follows. Contain and collect spillage with non-combustible, absorbent material e.g. sand, earth, vermiculite or diatomaceous earth and place in container for disposal according to local regulations (see Section 13). Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor.

Environmental

Avoid dispersal of spilled material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers.

Cleanup methods

Dilute with water and mop up if water-soluble. Alternatively, or if water-insoluble, absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Wash spillages into an effluent treatment plant or proceed as follows.

Materials: water, inert dry material, non-combustible, absorbent material e.g. sand, earth, vermiculite or diatomaceous earth

—

Related Products

Similar products with comparable safety profiles

07

Handling and Storage

Safe handling precautions, storage conditions, and workplace requirements

Handling

Put on appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8). Do not get in eyes or on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Do not ingest. Use only with adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Do not enter storage areas and confined spaces unless adequately ventilated. Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use. Store and use away from heat, sparks, open flame or any other ignition source. Use explosion-proof electrical (ventilating, lighting and material handling) equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against electrostatic discharges. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. Do not reuse container.

Storage

Store in accordance with local regulations. Store in a segregated and approved area. Store in original container protected from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials (see Section 10) and food and drink. Store locked up. Eliminate all ignition sources. Separate from oxidizing materials. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Do not store in unlabeled containers. Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.

Hygiene

Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

Fire prevention

Store and use away from heat, sparks, open flame or any other ignition source. Eliminate all ignition sources.

08

Exposure Controls / PPE

Occupational exposure limits, engineering controls, and protective equipment

09

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance, physical state, melting point, boiling point, and material characteristics

Language Code
---
Physical State
Liquid. [Fuming liquid.]
Physical State Data
liquid
State Under Standard Conditions
---
Appearance
---
Colour
Colorless.
Colour Intensity
---
Form
---
Odor
Pungent.
Odor Threshold
Not available.
Ph
2.38 [Conc. (% w/w): 0.46%]
Melting Point
4°C (39.2°F)
Boiling Point
100.23°C (212.4°F)
Flash Point
Closed cup: 49.5°C (121.1°F)
Freezing Point
---
Softening Point
---
Solidification Point
---
Cloud Point
---
Crystallisation Point
---
Relative Evaporation Rate
---
Evaporation Rate
1.14 (butyl acetate = 1)
Vapor Pressure
4.3 kPa (32.04 mm Hg) [room temperature]
Vapor Density
1.6 [Air = 1]
Relative Density
1.2
Bulk Density
---
Density
---
Flammability
Flammable in the presence of the following materials or conditions: oxidizing materials.
Upper Explosive Limit
51%
Lower Explosive Limit
18%
Explosive Limits
---
Auto Ignition Temperature
434°C (813.2°F)
Decomposition Temperature
Not available.
Solubility
Easily soluble in the following materials: cold water and hot water. Soluble in the following materials: acetone. Partially soluble in the following materials: methanol.
Partition Coefficient
-2.3
Solubility In Water
Not available.
Solubility In Fat
---
Molecular Weight
---
Voc Content
---
Metal Corrosion
---
Dynamic Viscosity
1.22 mPa·s (1.22 cP)
Kinematic Viscosity
0.0147 cm²/s (1.47 cSt) Kinematic (40°C (104°F)): 0.0102 cm²/s (1.02 cSt)
Properties Status
---
10

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical stability, hazardous reactions, and incompatible materials

Stability

The product is stable.

Reactivity

No specific test data related to reactivity available for this product or its ingredients.

Hazardous reactions

Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous reactions will not occur.

Avoid

Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind or expose containers to heat or sources of ignition. Do not allow vapor to accumulate in low or confined areas.

Incompatible

Reactive or incompatible with the following materials: oxidizing materials

Decomposition

Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

12

Ecological Information

Environmental toxicity, biodegradation, and bioaccumulation data

Toxicity

Product/ingredient name | Result | Species | Exposure | --- | --- | --- | --- Formic acid | Acute EC50 25 mg/l Fresh water | Algae - Scendedesmus subspicatus | 96 hours | Formic acid | Acute EC50 151200 to 165600 μg/l Fresh water | Daphnia - Daphnia magna - Larvae | 48 hours | Formic acid | Acute LC50 80000 to 90000 μg/l Marine water | Crustaceans - Carcinus maenas - Adult | 48 hours |

Persistence and degradability

Persistence and degradability | Product/ingredient name | Aquatic half-life | Photolysis | Biodegradability | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Formic acid | - | - | Readily |

Bioaccumulative potential

Bioaccumulative potential | Product/ingredient name | LogP_{ow} | BCF | Potential | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Formic acid | -2.3 | - | low |

Mobility in soil

Soil/water partition coefficient (Koc) : Not available.

Other adverse effects

No known significant effects or critical hazards.
13

Disposal Considerations

Waste treatment methods, disposal recommendations, and waste codes

Treatment

Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable products via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Waste should not be disposed of untreated to the sewer unless fully compliant with the requirements of all authorities with jurisdiction.

Disposal

The generation of waste should be avoided or minimized wherever possible. Disposal of this product, solutions and any by-products should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authority requirements.

Waste Codes

U123 United States - RCRA Toxic hazardous waste 'U' List RCRA
14

Transport Information

UN numbers, shipping names, transport classes, and regulatory requirements

UN Number
UN1779
Shipping Name
FORMIC ACID WITH MORE THAN 85% ACID BY MASS
Transport Class
8 (3)
Packing Group
II
ADR

Transport within user's premises: always transport in closed containers that are upright and secure. Ensure that persons transporting the product know what to do in the event of an accident or spillage.

IMDG

Transport within user's premises: always transport in closed containers that are upright and secure. Ensure that persons transporting the product know what to do in the event of an accident or spillage.

IATA

Transport within user's premises: always transport in closed containers that are upright and secure. Ensure that persons transporting the product know what to do in the event of an accident or spillage.

15

Regulatory Information

Chemical regulations, safety assessments, and compliance status

?

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about safety, handling, and properties

What other names is Formic Acid known by?

Formic Acid is also known as: Methanoic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Formic acid 85-95% in aqueous solution

What is the hazard signal word for Formic Acid?

The signal word is danger.

What is the physical form of Formic Acid?

Formic Acid is a liquid. [fuming liquid.] with colorless. color. It has pungent. odor.

What is the solubility of Formic Acid?

Easily soluble in the following materials: cold water and hot water. Soluble in the following materials: acetone. Partially soluble in the following materials: methanol.

What are the hazard statements for Formic Acid?

This substance has 2 hazard statements:

  • H226: Flammable liquid and vapor.
  • H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

What is the melting point of Formic Acid?

The melting point is 4°C (39.2°F) and the boiling point is 100.23°C (212.4°F).