DESCALING LIQUID

If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.

Symptoms: Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes) may cause lung oedema. Corrosive substances may cause lung damage (e.g. lung oedema, fluid in the lungs).

Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if available. Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre. Transport to hospital, or doctor.

Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. Irrigation should last at least 20-30 minutes. DO NOT use neutralising agents or any other additives.

For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once. Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed. If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

Water spray or fog. Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide.

Acids may react with metals to produce hydrogen, a highly flammable and explosive gas. Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers. May emit corrosive, poisonous fumes. May emit acrid smoke. Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. Do not approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.

Minor Spills: Drains for storage or use areas should have retention basins for pH adjustments and dilution of spills before discharge or disposal of material. Check regularly for spills and leaks. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite. Wipe up. Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal. Major Spills: Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.

Drains for storage or use areas should have retention basins for pH adjustments and dilution of spills before discharge or disposal of material. Check regularly for spills and leaks. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite. Wipe up. Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal.

Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course. Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.

See section 12

Wipe up. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.

Materials: sand, earth, inert material, vermiculite

Check for bulging containers. Vent periodically. Always release caps or seals slowly to ensure slow dissipation of vapours. Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. WARNING: To avoid violent reaction. ALWAYS add material to water and NEVER water to material. Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.

Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.

When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.

Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.

Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard 'physically' away from the worker and ventilation that strategically 'adds' and 'removes' air in the work environment.

Elbow length PVC gloves. The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice.

Safety glasses with unperforated side shields. Chemical goggles. Whenever there is a danger of the material coming in contact with the eyes; goggles must be properly fitted. [AS/NZS 1337.1, EN166 or national equivalent]. Full face shield (20 cm, 8 in minimum). Alternatively a gas mask may replace splash goggles and face shields.

Type B-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent). Where the concentration of gas/particulates in the breathing zone, approaches or exceeds the 'Exposure Standard' (or ES), respiratory protection is required.

Overalls. PVC Apron. PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe. When handling corrosive liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid spills entering boots.

See section 12

Contact with alkaline material liberates heat

See section 7.2

See section 7.2

See section 7.2

See section 7.2

See section 5.3

Recycle wherever possible. Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult local or regional waste management authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility can be identified. Treat and neutralise at an approved treatment plant. Treatment should involve: Neutralisation with soda-ash or soda-lime followed by: burial in a land-fill specifically licensed to accept chemical and / or pharmaceutical wastes or Incineration in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material).

This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If it has been contaminated, it may be possible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means.